Formula and Equations For Capacitor and Capacitance
Capacitor and Capacitance Formulas and Equations
The following formulas and equations can be used to calculate the capacitance and related quantities of different shapes of capacitors as follow.
Capacitance of Capacitor:
The capacitance is the amount of charge stored in a capacitor per volt of potential between its plates. Capacitance can be calculated when charge Q & voltage V of the capacitor are known:
C = Q/V
Charge Stored in a Capacitor:
If capacitance C and voltage V is known then the charge Q can be calculated by:
Q = C V
Voltage of the Capacitor:
And you can calculate the voltage of the capacitor if the other two quantities (Q & C) are known:
V = Q/C
Where
- Q is the charge stored between the plates in Coulombs
- C is the capacitance in farads
- V is the potential difference between the plates in Volts
Reactance of the Capacitor:
Reactance is the opposition of capacitor to Alternating current AC which depends on its frequency and is measured in Ohm like resistance. Capacitive reactance is calculated using:
Where
- XC is the capacitive reactance
- F is the applied frequency
- C is the capacitance
Quality Factor of Capacitor:
Q factor or Quality factor is the efficiency of the capacitor in terms of energy losses & it is given by:
QF = XC/ESR
Where
- XC is the capacitive reactance
- ESR is the equivalent series resistance of the capacitor.
Dissipation Factor of Capacitor:
D factor or dissipation factor is the inverse of the Quality factor, it shows the power dissipation inside the capacitor & is given by:
DF = tan δ = ESR/XC
Where
- DF is the dissipation factor
- δ is the angle between capacitive reactance victor & negative axis.
- XC is the capacitive reactance
- ESR is the equivalent series resistance of the circuit.
Related Posts:
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Energy Stored in a Capacitor:
The Energy E stored in a capacitor is given by:
E = ½ CV2
Where
- E is the energy in joules
- C is the capacitance in farads
- V is the voltage in volts
Average Power of Capacitor
The Average power of the capacitor is given by:
Pav = CV2 / 2t
where
- t is the time in seconds.
Capacitor Voltage During Charge / Discharge:
When a capacitor is being charged through a resistor R, it takes upto 5 time constant or 5T to reach upto its full charge. The voltage at any specific time can by found using these charging and discharging formulas below:
During Charging:
The voltage of capacitor at any time during charging is given by:
During Discharging:
The voltage of capacitor at any time during discharging is given by:
Where
- VC is the voltage across the capacitor
- Vs is the voltage supplied
- t is the time passed after supplying voltage.
- RC = τ is the time constant of the RC charging circuit
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Capacitance Formulas
The capacitance between two conducting plates with a dielectric between then can be calculated by:
Where
- k is the dielectric constant
- εd is the permittivity of the dielectric
- ε0 is the permittivity of space which is equal to 8.854 x 10-12 F/m
- A is the area of the plates
- d is the separation between the plates
Capacitance of a Plate Capacitor Formula
Where:
- C is capacitance in farads
- A is the plat area
- n is the number of plates
- d is the plate separation distance
- εr is the relative permeability of the substance between the plates
- εo absolute permittivity
Self Capacitance of a Coil (Medhurst Formula)
C2 ≈ (0.256479 h2 + 1.57292 r2) pF
Where:
- h2 and r2 in inches
Self Capacitance of a Sphere Formula
C2b ≈ 4πεor
Where:
- r is the radius of sphere
Self Capacitance of a Toroid Inductor Formula
Where:
- r is the small radius
- R is the large radius
Ohm’s Law for Capacitor:
Q = CV
By differentiating the equation, we get:
where
- i is the instantaneous current through the capacitor
- C is the capacitance of the capacitor
- Dv/dt is the instantaneous rate of change of voltage applied.
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