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Reverse-Forward Star/Delta Starter for Three Phase Motor using Timer

Reverse and Forward Star / Delta (Y-Δ) Starter for Three Phase Motor using Timer

Three-phase induction motors are widely used in industrial applications due to their efficiency and robustness. To control the direction of rotation and reduce the starting current, various starting methods are employed. One such method is the “Reverse Forward Star Delta Starter,” a popular choice for controlling three-phase induction motors.

As we have previously discussed the starting method of a Three Phase Motor using the Star Delta Starter with a timer, including power, control, and wiring circuit diagrams.

In today’s post, we will illustrate how to automatically control the motor’s rotation in two directions, namely forward and reverse, using the Star Delta Starter and timer. The timer circuit is responsible for controlling the direction of rotation of this three-phase motor, transitioning it from FWD to REV and from Star to Delta configuration.

Components Needed

Wiring, Power & Control Diagrams

Schematic Wiring Diagram 1

Schematic Wiring Diagram of Reverse - Forward Star - Delta Starter

Power Diagram 1

Power Diagram of Three Phase Motor Star-Delta Reverse-Forward with Timer Power Diagram

Schematic Wiring Diagram 2

Schematic Wiring Diagram of REV-FWD Star - Delta Starter using 5 Contactor

Power Diagram 2

Power Diagram of REV - FWD Star Delta Starter using 5 Contactors

Control Circuit Diagram

Control Circuit Diagram of 3-Phase Motor Star-Delta Reverse-Forward with Timer

Control Wiring Diagram

Click image to enlarge

Control Wiring Diagram of Reverse Forward Star Delta Starter for 3-Phase Motor

Control Circuit

The control circuit consists of various relays, timers,, pushbutton, indicators and contactors that provide the logic and switching required for the starter’s operation. It ensures that the star-delta and REV/FWD switching occurs correctly and provides additional protection features.

In the above wiring and control diagram:

  • 3-P MCCB is used to protect the combination of star delta and reverse / forward starter circuit from overload and short-circuit.
  • 2-P MCB is used to protect the control circuit.
  • The main contactor “K1” is used to operate the motor in normal i.e. forward direction.
  • The contactor “K2” is used to runs the motor in reverse direction.
  • The contactor “K3” is used to operate the motor in star connection.
  • The contactor “K4” is used to runs the motor at full load voltage in delta configuration.
  • The timer is responsible to transfer the motor connection from star to delta after reaching to the preset value.
  • The “O/L” is used to protect the motor from thermal overload protection.
  • The pushbuttons are used to ON/OFF or operate the motor in REV or FWD directions
  • The indicators lights are used to indicates the Trip (overload), FWD, REV or Stop position of the motor.

Working Principle

The Reverse Forward Star Delta Starter is designed to control the direction of rotation of a three-phase motor by first starting it in a reduced voltage configuration and then switching to the full voltage configuration for normal operation. The starting process involves two stages: the star configuration and the delta configuration.

Star Configuration

During the initial starting phase, the motor is connected in a star configuration. In a star configuration, the motor windings are connected in such a way that each winding’s starting end is connected to the ending end of another winding.

The other end of each winding is connected to a common point, forming a star-like shape. By doing so, the voltage applied to each winding is reduced to approximately 1/√3 times the line voltage, significantly reducing the starting current and preventing excessive torque on the motor shaft.

Delta Configuration

After the motor reaches a certain speed, the control system switches the motor’s connection from star to delta. In the delta configuration, the motor windings are rearranged in a closed-loop or delta shape.

This reconfiguration results in applying the full line voltage across each winding, allowing the motor to run at its rated speed and torque.

Reverse Forward Operation

The Reverse Forward Star Delta Starter provides a method to reverse the motor’s direction of rotation. When the motor needs to rotate in the reverse direction, the system switches between the star and delta configurations but in reverse sequence.

Good to know: Please be aware that we have changed the phase sequence for the reverse (REV) contactor. Specifically, the forward (FWD) contactor is connected to the main supply via L1, L2, L3 (Brown, Black, Gray), while the reverse contactor is connected via L3, L2, L1 (Gray, Black, Brown).

Similarly, in the case of the second wiring with 5 contactors, the forward contactor is connected to (1,3,5), and the reverse contactor is connected to (5,3,1). As a result, the motor will now run in reverse due to the change in the phase sequence.

Construction of Reverse Forward Star Delta Starter

The Reverse Forward Star Delta Starter consists of several components that work together to control the motor’s starting process and direction of rotation. The main components include:

Main Contactors

The main contactors, “K1 as FWD” and “K2 as Reverse,” are heavy-duty relays that control the connection between the motor and the power supply. They are responsible for switching the motor between the star and delta configurations, as well as for changing its direction between forward and reverse.

Star Delta Contactors

“K3 and K4” are used as Delta and Star contactors, respectively. They are responsible for initially running the motor in the star connection at low voltage and later switching to full load voltage when the timer reaches the preset value.

Star-Delta Timer

The star-delta timer is an essential element of the motor’s starter. It determines the duration for which the motor operates in the star configuration before switching to the delta configuration. The delay allows the motor to gain sufficient speed and avoid sudden changes in torque during the transition.

Thermal Overload Relay

The thermal overload relay is a protective device that monitors the motor’s current and protects it from overheating during operation. If the motor draws excessive current, indicating possible overloading, the thermal overload relay trips and disconnects the motor from the power supply.

Push Buttons

The start and stop buttons allow the operator to manually initiate or halt the motor’s operation. These buttons are typically located on a control panel within easy reach of the operator. Additionally, the FWD and REV pushbuttons can be used to manually change the direction of rotation of the motor while it is still in star-delta mode.

Indicators

Four indicators, acting as pilot lights, are used to indicate the tripping, overload, forward, reverse, and Start/Stop positions of the motor.

Advantages of Reverse Forward Star Delta Starter

The Reverse Forward Star Delta Starter offers several advantages over other starting methods:

  • Reduced Starting Current

One of the significant advantages of this starter is the reduced starting current in the star configuration. By starting the motor with a lower voltage, it draws less current during the starting phase, minimizing stress on the motor windings and the power supply.

  • Smooth Transition

The star-delta transition provides a smooth changeover from reduced voltage (star) to full voltage (delta) operation. This results in a gradual increase in torque and minimizes mechanical shocks, enhancing the motor’s reliability and longevity.

  • Reversibility

The ability to reverse the motor’s direction of rotation is crucial in various industrial processes. The Reverse Forward Star Delta Starter offers a simple and effective method to achieve motor reversal without the need for additional complex circuits.

  • Cost-Effectiveness

Compared to other advanced motor starting techniques, the Reverse Forward Star Delta Starter is relatively cost-effective. It strikes a balance between the cost of the starter and the performance benefits it offers.

Applications

The Reverse Forward Star Delta Starter is commonly used in various industries and applications, including:

  • Conveyor systems
  • Pumps and compressors
  • Fans and blowers
  • Machine tools
  • Material handling equipment

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22 Comments

  1. sunil desai says:

    i want to information about internal connection of star delta motor and how to shift phase shifting from star to delta describe wit diagram

    1. sameer warsi says:

      How to cnnected stardelta connection in motor so explain

    2. how to derivate stardelta cannection in moter terminal .uvw.u1v1w1. with RYB

  2. Irfan Khan says:

    Wonderful !!!!!!!!!!!

    Thanks for this……….

  3. ajeet mishra says:

    electricion ltl in gorment scool

  4. I want to information about scoop technology.Used in power plants

  5. Brian pate says:

    Plz I wanna learn phase failure circuit

  6. May you please send all these diagrams to me to 3phase termination diagrams and control diagrams to this email address thank you

    1. Electrical Technology says:

      You can subscribe by email (In the top right sidebar) and we will send each article in your Inbox. Thanks

  7. Bipin Danawale says:

    Sir we will done connection as per diagram but will show something wrong…the auxiliary was not hold..so what correction we will do ?

  8. fernan mallo says:

    sir can i ask you to send me a diagram of wye delta connection,3 phase,thankyou

  9. khan helal says:

    i want that me electrical any knowlage absorbe in mind plz help me thank you

  10. I have almost forgotten what I was told in the late 90’s
    I am one of those electrosensitive people and much of what basic science says about new technology is wrong.
    Different names have been used which confuses..
    Brushless motors inverters particle accelerator free energy devices zero point energy reverse technology motor.
    Transformers have been replaced with these devices.
    That means wind turbines air con systems solar panels
    Computers and mobile phone don’t comply to EMC EMI and human exposure to electromagnetic fields.
    The U.K. Government removed Radiocommunications agency and BT’s equivalent in 2002 to save money.
    Trading Standards OFCOM and (TV detector vans)
    have not a clue.
    There is nowhere to report the problems too.
    I contacted “Central Networks ” some years ago and told them that technology was not complying to the Law.
    They said it was the governments fault.
    The above devices produce power surges in the mains supply the transformer is either taken away or reduced in size to allow the device to generate more power off scale. The electricity companies can check the mains down to 20Hz they use to rely on Radiocommunications checking for radiation below this. As it is there is not much done about power surges below this. They delt with military and civilian technology. There is no one measuring military technology.
    Confusion between low frequency or a different phase
    Or polarity has confused.
    Truly there is no such thing as frequency.
    The aircraft industry are well aware.
    The Mod complained about wind turbines interfering with RADAR the government took no notice. The Mod then turned the power up on the RADAR.
    It’s apsolute hell living near a factory or supermarket.
    The air con give’s of huge levels of noise.
    I spoke to London Underground and network rail they regonise there is a problem with talk back. But the government have removed the legislators and left the legistion. Industry is not going to cut its own nose off.
    This radiation causes inverted T waves in the heart.
    Which cause heart attacks and strokes.
    Dr Henry Lai.. It’s also effecting the environment.
    The Mod gaged the police when they complained about the radiation from their radios called Tetra.
    What price for so called new technology.

  11. may you please sent all these diagrams to me to 3 phase termination diagrams and control diagrams to this email address thank you

  12. Nilesh Dhabale says:

    I want knowledge about contactor logic,relay,SSR …etc
    Plz send me details with ckt diagram.

  13. Hi may u plz send me all 3 phase power & control diagrams circuits & interpretation of wired circuits

  14. have subscribed with my email but i dont recieve any messages from this website, pls this is my mail

  15. pls also need to knw more about plc and automaition

  16. richard sabah says:

    teach me how to use old washing machine motor to generate power

  17. Can you please send me the diagram and explain how to connect 2 three phase motors in sequence start wher you can only start the second motor 10 seconds after starting the first motor

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