Notes - Articles
Electrical and Electronics Engineering and Technology Tutorials
Electrical and Electronics Engineering and Technology Tutorials
Transformer
- Transformer, Construction, Working, Types Application & Limitations
- Why Transformer Rated In kVA, Not in KW?
- EMF Equation Of a Transformer
- What is Ideal Transformer
- Transformer Losses – Types of Energy Losses in a Transformer
- How to Find the Rating of Transformer in kVA (Single Phase & Three Phase)?
- TRANSFORMER NAMEPLATE (GENERAL REQUIREMENTS).
- Transformer Phasing: The Dot Notation and Dot Convention
- Transformer Efficiency, All day Efficiency & Condition for Maximum Efficiency
- Can we operate a 60HZ Transformer on 50Hz Supply Source and Vice Versa?
- Is it possible to Operate a 500Hz Transformer on 50Hz ?
- Is it possible to Operate a 50Hz Transformer on 500Hz frequency Supply?
- What is Shunt Reactor – Types, Construction & Applications
- Transformers Insulation Materials in Oil-Immersed & Dry Type T/F
- Transformer Performance & Electrical Parameters
- Power Transformer Protection & Faults
- Maintenance of Transformer – Power Transformers Maintenance, Diagnostic & Monitoring
- Current Transformers (CT) – Types, Characteristic & Applications
- Transformers Fire Protection System – Causes, Types & Requirements
- Advantages and Disadvantages of Three Phase Transformer over Single Phase Transformer.
- Uses and Application of Transformer
- Transformers MCQs With Explanatory Answers
Resistors
- Resistor & Types of Resistors | Fixed, Variable, Linear & Non-Linear
- Resistor Symbols – Variable, Adjustable & Special Resistors Symbols
- Resistor Color Code Calculators – 3, 4, 5 & 6 Band Resistors Calculation
- Insulating And Dielectric Materials – Types, Properties & Applications
- Introduction to Series, Parallel and Series-Parallel Connections
- Insulation Resistance of a Cable | Why Cables are insulated?
- Parallel Resistor Calculator
- LED Resistor Calculator | Required Value of Resistor for LED’s Circuit Calculator
- Standard Resistor Closest Value Calculator
- SMD Resistor Codes: How to Find the value of SMD Resistors
- How to find The value of Burnt Resistor ( By three handy Methods )
Electric Circuit Analysis
- What is an Electric Circuit? Types of Circuits, Network & Parts Of Circuit
- Ohm’s Law with simple explanation
- Norton’s Theorem. Easy Step by Step Procedure with Example (Pictorial Views)
- Thevenin’s Theorem. Step by Step Procedure with Solved Example
- Maximum Power Transfer Theorem for AC & DC Circuits
- Kirchhoff’s Current & Voltage Law (KCL & KVL) | Solved Example
- SUPERNODE Circuit Analysis | Step by Step with Solved Example
- SUPERMESH Circuit Analysis | Step by Step with Solved Example
- Cramer’s Rule | Cramer’s Rule Calculator 2 & 3 Equations System
- Voltage Drop Calculation with Examples
- Which Bulb Glows Brighter When Connected in Series and Parallel & Why?
- How To Locate Faults In Cables? Cable Faults, Types & Causes
- Delta Connection (Δ): 3 Phase Power, Voltage & Current Values
- Star Connection (Y): Three Phase Power, Voltage & Current Values
- Electrical & Electronics Engineering Calculators Online
- How to Calculate AC & DC Resistance?
- Star and Delta Connected Lighting Loads
- Three Phase Current Values in a 3-Phase System
- Single Phase AC Circuits MCQs ( With Explanatory Answers)
- Three Phase AC Circuits MCQs With Explanatory Answers
- 15+ Must Have Android Apps for Electrical & Electronics Engineers & Students
- 12+ Top iOS Apps for Electrical & Electronics Engineers & Students
- 10+ Online Design & Simulation Tools for Electrical/Electronics Engineers
- How to Find the Number of Nodes, Branches, Loops and Meshes in a Circuit?
Power System
- Active, Reactive, Apparent and Complex Power. Simple Explanation with formulas.
- All About Electrical Protection Systems, Devices And Units
- Busbars and Connectors in HV and EHV installations
- Cables Feeder Protection – Faults Types, Causes & Differential Protection
- Comparison between AC and DC Transmission System ( With their advantages and disadvantages)
- Corona Effect & Discharge in Transmission Lines & Power System
- Design & Installation of Control & Monitoring Systems in Electrical Engineering
- Design and Installation of EHV/EHV and EHV/HV Substations
- Design of Grounding / Earthing System in a Substation Grid
- Electric Power System – Generation, Transmission & Distribution of Electricity
- Electric Stress Control in Cable, Joints & Terminations
- Electrical Transmission Networks – EHV and HV Overhead Lines
- Failures In Electrical Systems, Equipments & Materials
- Fault Current Limiter and Their Types
- High Inrush Current in Capacitor Switching and Ways to Prevent It.
- HV And MV Switch Disconnectors And Isolators in Power System
- Integration of Renewable Energy with Grid System
- Internet of Things (IOT) and Its Applications in Electrical Power Industry
- Introduction to Harmonics – Effect of Harmonics on Power System
- Is Reactive Power Useful? Importance of Reactive Power
- MV & HV Cable Termination to Equipment & Joints
- Nuclear Power. Why is It The Last Option in Most Countries?
- Overhead Lines Protection – Faults & Protection Devices
- Power Distribution in Industries – All You Need to Know
- Power System MCQs with Explanatory Answers
- Power System Restoration – Outage, Voltage Collapse & Switching Programs
- Primary and Secondary or Backup protection in a Power System
- SCADA Systems for Electrical Distribution
- Short Circuit Currents And Symmetrical Components
- Submarine Cables – Construction, Characteristics, Cables Laying & Joints
- Treeing in XLPE Insulated Medium & High Voltage Cables
- Types & Characteristics of Surge Arresters
- Types of Control & Communication Cables
- What Exactly Is A Smart Grid? Smart Grid Applications
- What is Distributed Control System (DCS)?
- Why Power Plant Capacity Rated in MW and not in MVA?
- Why Power Transmission Cables & Lines are Loose on Electric Poles & Transmission Towers?
- Working on De-Energized Electric Circuits, Networks & Equipments
Power Factor
- What is Power Factor (Cosθ) ? Cos fi or P.f Definitions & Formulas
- Power Factor improvement Methods with Their advantages & Disadvantages
- Causes of low Power Factor
- Advantages of Power factor improvement and Correction
- Disadvantages of Low Power Factor
- CAPACITOR BANKS – CHARACTERISTICS AND APPLICATIONS
- How to Calculate the Suitable Capacitor Size in Farads & kVAR for Power factor Improvement
- How to Convert Capacitor Farads into kVAR & Vice Versa (For Power factor improvement)
- Analysis of Reactive Power in Power System
Motors
- Why Motor rated in kW instead of kVA?
- What is Stepper Motor: Construction, Types and Modes of Operation
- Brushless DC Motor: Construction, Working Principle & Applications
- Servo Motor – Types, Construction, Working, Controlling & Applications
- What is Motor Efficiency & How to improve it?
- Cable Size Calculation for LT & HT Motors
- DC Drives – Construction, Working & Classification of Electrical DC Drives
- AC Drives – Classification of AC Drives & VFD
- Electrical Interlocking – Power & Control Diagram
- Abnormal Operating Condition and Causes of Induction Motors
- Important Terms and Definitions related to Motor Control and Protection
- Three Phase Motor Power & Control Wiring Diagrams
- Starting & Stopping of 3-Phase Motor from more than One Place Power & Control diagrams
- Voltage And Power Equations of a DC Motor
- Star Delta 3-phase Motor Automatic starter with Timer
- What is motor starter?
- What is a Contactor?
- Why We Need to Install a Starter with a Motor?
Alternator
- Emergency Generator Set – Construction, Installation, Maintenance & Wiring
- Alternator / Generator MCQs with Explanatory Answers)
- EMF Equation of an Alternator and AC Generator
- Why Generator & Alternator rated in kVA. Not in kW?
Batteries
- Why Battery rated in Ah (Ampere hour) and not in VA.
- Types of Batteries and Cells and Their Applications
- How to test a battery with Test meter?
- Series, Parallel and Series-Parallel Connection of Batteries
- Why we can’t store AC in Batteries instead of DC?
- How to Calculate the Battery Charging Time & Battery Charging Current – Example
- Series Connection of Solar Panel with Auto UPS System
- Parallel Connection of Batteries with Solar Panel
- Manual UPS Wiring Diagram With Change Over Switch System.
- How to Wire Solar Panel to 220V inverter, 12V battery ,12V,DC Load?
- How to Wire Solar Panel to 12V battery and 12V,DC Load?
- Battery: Batteries MCQs with Explanatory Answers
Logic Gates
- Logic NOT Gate – Digital Inverter Logic Gate
- Digital Logic AND Gate
- Digital Logic OR Gate
- Digital Logic NOR Gate – Universal Gate
- Exclusive-NOR (XNOR) Digital Logic Gate
- Digital Logic NAND Gate – Universal Gate
- NOR and NAND Implementation – Two Level & Multilevel Implementation
- Two-Level Logic Implementation – Combinational Logic Implementation
Sequential Logic Circuits
- Digital Latches – Types of Latches – SR & D Latches
- Digital Synchronous Counter – Types, Working & Applications
- Digital Asynchronous Counter (Ripple Counter) – Types, Working & Application
- Ring Counter & Johnson Counter – Construction & Operation
- Digital Flip-Flops – SR, D, JK and T Flip Flops
Combinational Digital Circuits
- Binary Encoder – Construction, Types & Applications
- Binary Adder & Subtractor – Construction, Types & Applications
- Binary Multiplier – Types & Binary Multiplication Calculator
- Binary Decoder – Construction, Types & Applications
- MUX – Digital Multiplexer | Types, Construction & Applications
- DEMUX – Demultiplexer | Types, Construction & Applications
- Comparator and Digital Magnitude Comparator
- Ripple Carry And Carry Look Ahead Adder
- Counter and Types of Electronic Counters
- BCD to 7-Segment Display Decoder – Construction, Circuit & Operation
Boolean Algebra & Logic Families
- Sum Of Product (SOP) & Product Of Sum (POS)
- Karnaugh Maps (K-Map), Truth Tables, Boolean Expressions & Examples
How To
- How to Test a Capacitor? 6 Ways to Check a Capacitor – 6 Methods
- How to Test a Diode using Digital & Analog Multimeter – 4 Ways.
- How to Check a Transistor by Multimeter (DMM+AVO) – NPN & PNP – 4 Ways
- How to Find the value of SMD Resistors
- How to Find the Size of Earth Conductor, Earthing Lead & Earth Electrodes?
- How to make basic Electrical Projects in LabVIEW?
- How to Make a Simple Solar Cell? Working of Photovoltaic Cells
- How to Test & Fix the Printed Circuit Board (PCB) Defects?
- How To Design a PCB (Step by Step & Pictorial Views)
- How to Program PIC18 Microcontroller in C. Step by Step Tutorial (Pictorial Views)
- How to Connect a Portable Generator to the Home Supply – 4 Methods
- How to Find The Suitable Size of Cable & Wire for Electrical Wiring Installation (Solved Examples in British and SI System)
- How to Calculate the Value of Resistor for LED’s (with different types of LED Circuits)
- How to Calculate/Find the Rating of Transformer in kVA (Single Phase and Three Phase)?
- How to Find the value of Ceramic Capacitors?
- How to wire a Distribution Board with RCD (Residual Current Devices)?
- How to connect / Install a Capacitor with a Ceiling Fan (Part 2)
- How to Calculate the Battery Charging Time & Battery Charging Current – Example
- How to connect a Solar Panel?
- How to install ceiling Fan with a Dimmer Switch ? (Part 1)
- How To Find/Calculate the Number of Fluorescent Lamps in a Sub Circuit?
- How to Determine the Number of Lamps in Final Sub Circuit?
- How To Wire Two 24V Solar Panels in Parallel with Two, 12V Batteries in Series with Automatic UPS System
- How much Watts Solar Panel We need for our Home Electrical appliances?
- How to Connect Automatic UPS / Inverter to the Home Supply System?
- How To Wire a 3-Phase kWh meter? Installation of 3-Phase Energy Meter.
- How to Control One Light Bulb from Six Different Places?
- How to Control Each Lamp by Separately Switch in Parallel Lighting Circuit?
- How to Control a Light Bulb by a Single Way or One-way Switch?
- How To Wire a Single Phase kWh Meter? Installation of 1-Phase Energy Meter.
- How To Wire Lamps in Parallel?
- How To Wire Lights in Series?
- How To Wire Switches in Parallel?
- How To Calculate Your Electricity Bill. Easy & Simple Explanation.
- How to start a Star Delta 3-phase Motor by using Automatic starter with Timer
- How to Make a Simple LED Flashing Circuit using 555 Timer IC
- How To Perform a Continuity Test for Electrical Components with Multimeter?
- How to Test a Relay? Checking SSR & Coil Relays
- How to Wire Auto & Manual Changeover & Transfer Switch
Difference Between
- Difference Between MCB, MCCB, ELCB & RCB, RCD or RCCB Circuit Breakers
- Difference Between Active and Reactive Power
- Difference between Analog and Digital Multimeter
- Difference Between Capacitor and Supercapacitor
- Difference Between a Battery and a Capacitor
- Difference between Circuit Breaker and Isolator / Disconnector
- Difference between Fuse and Circuit Breaker
- Difference between Contactor and Starter?
- Difference Between Relay and Circuit Breaker
- Difference between Power Transformers and Distribution Transformers?
- Difference between Star and Delta Connections – Comparison Of Y/Δ
- Difference between AC and DC Resistance & How to calculate it?
- Difference Between Electrical and Electronic Engineering?
- Difference between Active and passive Components ?
- Difference between Linear and Nonlinear Circuit?
- Difference between Real Ground and Virtual Ground?
- Difference between Unilateral and Bi-Lateral Circuits & Elements?
- Differences between E.M.F and Voltage (P.d)?
- Difference Between Neutral, Ground and Earth?
- Difference between a VOLTAMETER and a VOLTMETER?
Switching & Circuit Breaker
- MCB (Miniature Circuit Breaker) & Construction, Working, Types & Uses
- Air Circuit Breaker (ACB): Construction, Operation, Types and Uses
- How to Read MCB Nameplate Data Rating Printed on it?
- HRC Fuse (High Rupturing Capacity Fuse) and its Types
- Fuse and Types of Fuses & Construction, Operation & Applications
- Types of Switches & Construction, Working & Applications of Switches
- Different Types Of Relays, Their Construction, Operation & Applications
- How to Test a Relay? Checking SSR & Coil Relays
- Solid State Relay (SSR) – Types of SSR Relays
Electrical Essentials
- Types of Solar Panel and Which one is the best PV Panel
- A Complete Guide about Solar Panel Installation. Step by Step Procedure with Calculation & Diagrams
- Earthing and Electrical Grounding Installation | A Complete Guide
- Different Types of Wiring Systems and Methods of Electrical Wiring
- “How to” Electrical & Electronics Engineering Tutorials
- Electrical Wiring Installation Diagrams & Tutorials
- Basic Electrical & Electronics Interview Questions & Answers
- Electrical / Electronics Calculator
- Basic Electrical & Electronics Projects
- Electrical / Electronics MCQs with Explanatory Answers
Electrical & Electronic Symbols
- Basic Electrical and Electronic Symbols
- Transformer Symbols
- Motors Symbols
- Generator and Alternator Symbols
- Resistor Symbols
- Capacitor Symbols
- Inductor Symbols
- Fuse, Circuit Breaker and Protection Symbols
- Switch and Push Button Symbols
- Relay Symbols
- Diode Symbols
- Transistor, MOSFET and IGFET Symbols
- Thyristor, DIAC and TRIAC Symbols
- Electronic Logic Circuits and Programming Symbols
- Digital Logic Gates Symbols
- Digital Flip-Flop and Latches Symbols
- Electronic Filters Symbols
Miscellaneous
Basic Electrical & Electronics Interview Questions & Answers
amps and if all that is on it is a 120 v pool pump n light. if not then get a 50 amp bkr for main panel, a 50 amp GFCI outdoor spa panel, hoevwer many feet it is to main panel plus extra for spa feed. run new circuit for spa, make sure it is # 6 /3 w/ gnd,u need to gnd your motor in the spa enclosure. depending on where your at it may also require a driven gnd its pretty difficult w/out help. but it could cost 500/ 800 dollars to have it installed. i have 20 yrs as electrician if i were u i would call some one then u don’t have any worries
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TOWER CRANE POWER SUPPLY: Tower crane main panel fed from site 50HZ standby generator. How can you interconnect a 3P + N Residual Current Protective Switch with a 3P Adjustable Motor Protection Switch and Overvoltage Arresters using TT-network inside the site main panel which will supply power to the tower crane main switchgear cabinet? I will appreciate if a sketch can be used in the explanation.
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I would like some technical assistance regarding transformer. My question is i have a transformer of 2000kva, Its voltage ratio is 6/0.415 KV now i want to use this transformer on 6.6KV instead on 6KV. What will be the impact on transformer and can we use it on continuous operation. Secondly can we use it by changing its tap on 6.6kv.
Kindly assist me.
Thanx.
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